Driverless Pods at Heathrow Airport – Summer 2011

ULTra PRT Vehicle at Heathrow Airport

ULTra PRT Vehicle at Heathrow Airport

Heathrow Airport has recently introduced an on-demand, driverless PRT (personal rapid transit) system between Terminal 5 and its business car park. The system consists of 21 pods developed by a company named ULTra PRT.

The pods are electric and each can transport four people and their luggage. A one-way trip covers 1.2 miles (1.9km) and takes about 5-6 minutes with a maximum speed of 25 mph (40 km/h).

Here’s a video of the PRT in action – you may want to jump to the 2:00 mark in the video to see the pods driving on their tracks.

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Driverless on the Autobahn and More

Autonomos Labs License Plate
AutoNOMOS Labs recently completed their first driverless session on Germany’s famous Autobahn.

The session was filmed by the Discovery Channel and aired on the “Daily Planet’s” opening show for 2011.

You can watch the video here (the driverless segment of the show starts at the 2:00 mark).

This is one of the most detailed videos I’ve seen on the actual real-world performance of the driverless cars.

The video shows the car impressively handling city traffic, u-turns, bicyclists, and passing on the Autobahn.

However, the video also makes clear the some of the challenges that still need to be met. In one case the car stops and requires manual intervention when it misinterprets tall grass as a potential obstacle. Additionally, the human driver was in control when entering and merging onto the Autobahn. Finally, the human driver took control a during the cars first attempt to pass because he felt it was not a safe enough situation.

Driverless cars may not be ready to be let loose yet, but they are getting closer every day.

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AutoNOMOS Labs Gets Permission to Go Driverless on Berlin Roads

Berlin Road Sign

AutoNOMOS Labs has received permission to test their driverless vehicles on the roads of Berlin. The driverless cars will include a safety driver and a copilot who both can take control of the car in situations which seem too risky for autonomous driving.

They are currently planning a completely autonomous trip through the city of Berlin in August.

Source press release is here.

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The EN-Vs in Action – With and Without Drivers

Here’s a short video showing the EN-Vs in action. The video doesn’t show much of the driverless mode, but it’s a good quick introduction to what they look like in action.

If you don’t see the video above, you can watch it here.

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GM’s Driverless Electric Car – The EN-V

GM Electric Networked Vehicle Concept Zips Around Las Vegas

GM Electric Networked Vehicle Concept Zips Around Las Vegas

General Motors is working on a driverless, electric car called the EN-V, short for Electric Networked-Vehicle. The EN-V is a two-seat electric vehicle designed to alleviate concerns surrounding traffic congestion, parking availability, air quality and affordability for cities.

EN-V’s platform evolved from the Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility (P.U.M.A.) prototype that was developed by Segway and debuted in April 2009.

The EN-V is driven by electric motors, one in each of its two driving wheels.  Segway dynamic stabilization technology is used giving it the ability to carry two passengers and light cargo in a footprint that’s about a third of a traditional vehicle.  It can literally turn in place.

Power for the motors is provided by lithium-ion batteries that can be recharged from a standard, household wall outlet. The EN-V can travel approximately 25 miles (40 km) on a single charge at speeds up to 25 mph (40 km/h). It weighs less than 500 kilograms and is about 1.5 meters in length.

The EN-V can be driven both manually and autonomously. In autonomous mode navigation is handled by a combination of GPS, vehicle-to-vehicle communications and distance-sensing technologies.

The body and canopy of EN-V are constructed from carbon fiber, custom-tinted Lexan and acrylic, materials that are more commonly used in race cars, military airplanes and spacecraft because of their strength and lightweight characteristics.

In March 2010 GM and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp. Group (SAIC) unveiled three EN-V models in Shanghai geared for cities in the growing Chinese market.

GM has recently approached the mayor of London about the possibility of running EN-Vs in London’s Olympic Park after the 2012 Olympics.

GMs current price target is $4000 and the EN-V could be in production by 2014.

For a video of the EN-Vs in action, go here.

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Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union Fears Driverless Trucks

Union StrikersFollowing up the report about Fortescue Metals Group planned roll out of driverless haul trucks at its Solomon mines, ABC Australia posted (Driverless mine trucks spark safety fears) about a comment by a CFMEU official stating:

Gary Wood from the CFMEU’s mining and energy division says he is yet to be convinced the technology is safe.

“You would have unmanned equipment being expected to work in the areas where there is manned equipment, light vehicles etc.,” he said.

Safety is certainly an issue with driverless vehicles and needs to be watched. However, I believe the final comment from the article shows the real fear:

Mr. Wood says long-term, the technology is also likely to result in fewer job opportunities for truck drivers and operators.

Driverless vehicles will, over time, eliminate most driving jobs and any related unions. Anyone who is planning on a long-term career involving driving needs to seriously consider the fact that those jobs may not even exist a decade from now.

Image curtesy of Kheel Center.

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45 Autonomous Trucks to Run at Solomon Mine

Caterpillar 795F

Caterpillar 795F

Fortescue Metals Group, which owns the Solomon Ore Mines in Pilbara region of Western Australia, will put into production 12 autonomous Caterpillar 793F hauling trucks at the mines by the end of 2012. Full-scale rollout of 45 driverless vehicles is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2015. (Caterpillar Press Release – 7/5/2011).

The trucks are manufactured by Caterpillar Inc. and the fleet will be managed by WesTrac.

This news comes on the heels of the reported expansion Rio Tinto’s driverless fleet from 5 to 10 trucks.

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Driverless Cars and Speed Limits?

How will driverless cars handle speed limits?

Speed Limit SignIn the US almost all roads are posted with speed limits below the speeds that people actually drive. This is especially true of the highways, most of which are posted at 65 mph, but the average speed driven is around 75 mph.

So how will driverless vehicles be designed to handle speed limits?

If they are designed to follow the actual speed limit, they will become bottlenecks, and in many cases, obstacles for other cars on the road.

If they are designed to follow the general flow of traffic that means they will be intentionally designed to break the law. Designing a product to intentionally break the law is fraught with all kinds of problems: liability, equal application of law, public perception, and more.

Will there need to be two different speed limits? Will the speed limits have to be raised to realistic levels and then actually enforced at those levels? Will the authorities just give a wink and nod to driverless cars that go over the speed limit, but not by too much? Who will pay any speeding tickets – the owner of the car, the passenger, the designer of the software?

I think raising the speed limit to realistic levels is the best and fairest choice. It would bring an added benefit of removing one of the primary excuses police can use today for stopping someone without true probable cause.

A final thought: many small towns and regions use speed traps for revenue. Once driverless cars become commonplace, these revenue streams may dry up. The police will then have time to focus on real crimes, or the towns could reduce their force accordingly.

Above image provided by Chad Elliott.

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Driverless Cars Coming to Nevada

Nevada 375 Road SignWell, that was fast!

In October 2010 Google announced that their driverless cars had driven over 140,000 miles on California roads.

Then in May 2011 it was announced that Google was actively lobbying in Nevada for changes to the laws that would allow for trials of driverless cars on the road.

This week the Nevada Assembly passed Bill 511 which begins the process for allowing driverless cars on the road. Regulations still need to be created, however driverless cars will soon be on the road in Nevada.

The relevant section of Bill 511 is Section 8 and reads:

1.  The Department shall adopt regulations authorizing the operation of autonomous vehicles on highways within the State of Nevada.

2.  The regulations required to be adopted by subsection 1 must:

(a) Set forth requirements that an autonomous vehicle must meet before it may be operated on a highway within this State;

(b) Set forth requirements for the insurance that is required to test or operate an autonomous vehicle on a highway within this State;

(c) Establish minimum safety standards for autonomous vehicles and their operation;

(d) Provide for the testing of autonomous vehicles;

(e) Restrict the testing of autonomous vehicles to specified geographic areas; and

(f) Set forth such other requirements as the Department determines to be necessary.

3.  As used in this section:

(a) “Artificial intelligence” means the use of computers and related equipment to enable a machine to duplicate or mimic the behavior of human beings.

(b) “Autonomous vehicle” means a motor vehicle that uses artificial intelligence, sensors and global positioning system coordinates to drive itself without the active intervention of a human operator.

(c) “Sensors” includes, without limitation, cameras, lasers and radar.

If you’d like, you can also read the Full Text of Nevada Assembly Bill 511.

Driverless vehicles on the roads are one step closer!

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GMAC Insurance Study: Nearly 1 in 5 American Drivers Unfit for the Road

Car CrashOn May 26, 2011 GMAC released the results of their annual GMAC Insurance National Drivers Test based on which they claim 1 in 5 Americans are ‘unfit’ for the road.

The test consists of 20 multiple choice questions.

You can take the test yourself at: www.nationaldriverstest.com

I took it and scored a 90% – I got 2 wrong.

One question that I got wrong I figured would be counted wrong when I answered, but I frankly think their answer is dangerous.

The question was:

You may drive off of the paved roadway to pass another vehicle:

  • If the shoulder is wide enough to accommodate your vehicle
  • If the vehicle ahead of you is turning left
  • Under no circumstances

Their answer is under no circumstances, mine was if the shoulder is wide enough. Their answer is based on the law which doesn’t necessarily correspond with fitness to drive or safety.

I live in New Hampshire. There are lots of relatively narrow, winding, 2 lane roads where cars travel between 40 and 55. Often there are cars turning left and cars traveling behind you at relatively fast speeds. At busy times, the left turning cars may have to wait a minute or two to turn. If you start having all cars stop and wait, you end up with a trail of cars snaking around curvy roads. This is just asking for major rear-end collisions. Slowing down and passing on the dirt shoulders is far safer.

GMACs claim of being unfit based on solely a written test of 20 questions needs to be taken with a grain of salt.

But given that the test doesn’t even address people who shouldn’t be driving due to lack of physical skills, the results add more ammunition to arguments that driverless cars will be safer than manually driven cars.

Above image curtesy of Kim Scarborough

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